American Meteorological Society Certification (AMS) Practice

The process of water sinking into soil during rain is known as infiltration. This refers to the movement of water from the surface into the soil, where it can be absorbed by plant roots or stored in the soil for later use. Infiltration is a crucial component of the hydrological cycle, as it helps replenish groundwater supplies and affects surface runoff. Factors such as soil type, vegetation cover, and the intensity of rainfall can influence the rate and amount of infiltration that occurs. Evaporation refers to the process of water turning into vapor and rising into the atmosphere, which is not related to water sinking into the soil. Transpiration involves the release of water vapor from plants into the air, contributing to humidity and precipitation but not to the process of water entering the soil. Condensation is the process of water vapor cooling and turning back into liquid water, forming clouds or dew, rather than involving soil absorption. Therefore, infiltration is the most appropriate term for the process described.